Proportional-Integral-Derivative Controller

A Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller is a control system that helps machines or processes maintain desired conditions, such as temperature or speed. It does this by continuously measuring the current state, comparing it to the target (setpoint), and then calculating an adjustment. The proportional part addresses the current error, the integral considers past errors to eliminate biases, and the derivative predicts future errors for stability. Together, these components work to keep the system stable, accurate, and responsive, making PID controllers essential in automation, robotics, and various engineering applications.