propagation

Propagation refers to the way signals, such as electromagnetic waves, travel through different mediums or space. It describes how these signals extend from their source, spread out, and eventually reach their destination. For example, radio waves emitted by a station travel through the air, bouncing, bending, or dispersing along the way. The characteristics of propagation depend on the environment, frequency, and obstacles, affecting how clearly and reliably signals are received. Understanding propagation helps in designing better communication systems by predicting how signals will behave over distances and through various surroundings.