Probability mass function

A probability mass function (PMF) is a mathematical tool that assigns a likelihood to each possible outcome of a discrete random event—something that can land in specific, separate categories like rolling a die or flipping a coin. It tells us the probability of each outcome occurring, with the sum of all probabilities adding up to 100%. Essentially, the PMF helps us understand how the chances are distributed across different results, giving a clear picture of how likely each outcome is within a defined set.