Principles of Genetics

Principles of genetics are rules that explain how traits are inherited from parents to offspring. Genes, which are segments of DNA, carry instructions for developing features like eye color or height. These genes come in pairs and can be dominant or recessive, influencing how traits appear. During reproduction, these gene pairs are shuffled, creating genetic variation within a population. Understanding these principles helps explain why individuals differ and how traits pass through generations, forming the foundation of fields like medicine, agriculture, and biology.