principality

A principality is a territory ruled by a prince or princess. It is a type of sovereign state, often smaller than a kingdom or empire, with its own government and borders. Historically, principalties were regions under the authority of a noble ruler, sometimes independent, sometimes part of a larger country. Today, some countries like Monaco and Liechtenstein are considered principalities, with their heads of state holding princely titles. Essentially, a principality is a small, self-governing political entity led by a royal or noble figure.