Primary cilia

Primary cilia are small, hair-like structures that protrude from the surface of most human cells. They act as sensory antennas, detecting environmental signals like chemicals and fluid flow, and transmitting this information into the cell to help regulate its functions. These structures are crucial for proper development, tissue maintenance, and cell communication. Unlike the motile cilia that move to clear debris, primary cilia are typically immobile but serve as key signaling hubs, coordinating processes such as growth, sensory perception, and tissue organization. Their proper function is essential for overall health, and defects can lead to various diseases known as ciliopathies.