pressure and temperature

Pressure is the force that molecules in a substance exert when they bump into each other and the container walls, similar to how air pushes against a balloon. Temperature measures how hot or cold something is, indicating the average energy of the molecules; higher temperatures mean the molecules move faster. When temperature rises, molecules move more vigorously, increasing pressure if the volume stays the same. Conversely, reducing temperature slows molecules, decreasing pressure. Both pressure and temperature are fundamental in understanding how gases behave, affecting everything from weather patterns to how engines operate.