Prefrontal leucotomy

Prefrontal leucotomy, also known as lobotomy, was a surgical procedure developed in the 1930s to treat severe mental illnesses, particularly depression and schizophrenia. It involved cutting or damaging parts of the brain's prefrontal cortex, which is involved in reasoning, decision-making, and emotional regulation. The goal was to alter dysfunctional thought patterns and reduce symptoms. However, the procedure often caused significant side effects, including personality changes, cognitive impairments, and emotional blunting. Due to these risks and the development of more effective treatments, leucotomies are now rarely, if ever, performed and are considered an outdated and controversial chapter in psychiatric history.