pre-Columbian civilizations

Pre-Columbian civilizations refer to advanced societies in the Americas before Christopher Columbus's arrival in 1492. Notable examples include the Aztecs in present-day Mexico, the Mayans in Central America, and the Incas in South America. These cultures built impressive cities, developed sophisticated agriculture, created intricate art and architecture, and had their own writing systems and religions. Their achievements reflect complex social and political structures, highlighting the rich history of the Americas long before European contact.