Prandtl's Boundary Layer Theory

Prandtl's Boundary Layer Theory explains how, when a fluid flows over a surface, a thin region forms near the surface called the boundary layer. Within this layer, the fluid's velocity changes from zero (due to friction with the surface) to the free-stream velocity farther away. This concept helps engineers understand and predict frictional forces and heat transfer, simplifying complex fluid flow problems. The boundary layer's behavior is essential in designing aircraft, ships, and pipelines, as it influences drag, efficiency, and overall performance.