Portugal (drug decriminalization)

Portugal decriminalized the possession and use of all drugs in 2001, treating them as public health issues rather than criminal offenses. Instead of jail, individuals caught with small amounts are referred to a "Dissuasion Commission," which offers counseling, treatment, or education. This shift aimed to reduce harm, decrease overdoses, and improve social outcomes. The policy doesn't legalize drugs but removes criminal penalties for personal use, focusing on harm reduction and treatment over punishment. Since then, Portugal has seen declines in addiction rates, HIV infections, and drug-related deaths, illustrating a public health approach to drug issues.