porous materials

Porous materials contain tiny holes or spaces, called pores, that are too small to see without special equipment. These pores allow fluids, gases, or small particles to pass through or be held within the material. Examples include sponge, pumice stone, and certain types of rock or ceramics. Their porosity affects properties like strength, insulation, and filtration. Engineers and scientists utilize porous materials in many applications, such as water filters, insulation, and catalysts, because their unique structure allows them to exchange or trap substances effectively.