political opportunity structure

Political opportunity structure refers to the external factors within the political environment that influence the chances for social movements or groups to succeed. It includes elements like government openness to change, the presence of allies or allies' support, civil liberties, and the stability of political institutions. When these conditions are favorable—such as a tolerant government or weak opposition—groups find it easier to organize, protest, and push for change. Conversely, restrictive or hostile political environments can limit their opportunities. Essentially, it’s about how the political landscape shapes the ability of groups to mobilize and effect change.