Political history of Turkey

Turkey’s political history is shaped by its transition from the Ottoman Empire’s fall in 1922 to a modern republic led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, who established secular, nationalist reforms. Throughout the 20th century, Turkey experienced a mix of military coups, political instability, and efforts toward democracy. In recent decades, it has balanced secularism with growing conservative and Islamist influences, leading to increased polarization. The country’s politics reflect a complex blend of modernization, tradition, and regional influence, navigating challenges related to human rights, democracy, and its strategic role in global affairs.