Political history of the Netherlands

The Netherlands' political history features a transition from feudal duchies in the Middle Ages to a remarkable period of maritime power and economic growth in the 16th and 17th centuries, known as the Dutch Golden Age. It gained independence from Spain in the 16th century after a protracted struggle, forming a republic with relative religious tolerance and thriving trade. In the 19th century, it became a constitutional monarchy. Post-World War II, the Netherlands developed into a stable, progressive democracy, integrating into European institutions. Its political landscape combines liberal, social, and conservative elements, emphasizing human rights, social welfare, and international cooperation.