Polish state formation

Polish state formation began in the 10th century when the Piast dynasty united various tribes and territories in Central Europe to establish a cohesive political entity. Mieszko I's Christianization in 966 helped solidify his rule and integrate Poland into broader European culture and politics. Over centuries, Poland expanded its borders, formed alliances, and faced invasions, notably from neighbors like the Teutonic Knights and Mongols. The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 16th century marked a peak of political power and territorial expansion. Despite periods of partition and foreign domination, Poland maintained a strong cultural identity, leading to independence in 1918 after World War I and subsequent reforms shaping modern Poland.