polar orbits

A polar orbit is a type of satellite path where the spacecraft travels over Earth's poles, passing close to the North and South Poles on each orbit. This allows the satellite to cover nearly the entire surface of the planet over time, as Earth rotates beneath it. These orbits typically have a high inclination (close to 90 degrees) relative to the equator, and they are useful for purposes like Earth observation, weather monitoring, and scientific studies because they provide comprehensive, global coverage. Essentially, polar orbits enable satellites to "see" most parts of Earth during their repetitive cycles.