Polar equation

A polar equation describes a circle, curve, or shape using distances and angles relative to a fixed point called the origin. Instead of using x and y coordinates like in Cartesian equations, polar equations specify how far a point is from the center (radius) and the angle it makes with a reference direction (usually the positive x-axis). This approach is especially useful for representing circular and spiral shapes naturally, as it directly relates position to distance and direction, making it easier to analyze curves with symmetry around a point.