Point mutations

Point mutations are changes in a DNA sequence where a single nucleotide—the building block of DNA—is altered. This can happen when one base is replaced with another, inserted, or deleted. These small changes can sometimes have no effect, cause a different protein to be made, or lead to a malfunctioning protein. Point mutations are a common type of genetic variation that can influence traits, health, and disease. They occur naturally and can result from errors during DNA copying or exposure to certain chemicals or radiation.