Plasmas in astrophysics

In astrophysics, plasmas are extremely hot, ionized gases composed of free electrons and nuclei. They make up about 99% of the visible universe, including stars, the Sun, and interstellar space. Unlike solids, liquids, or gases, plasmas conduct electricity and respond strongly to magnetic and electric fields. This allows them to produce phenomena such as solar flares, auroras, and cosmic jets. Plasmas are vital for understanding many astrophysical processes, as their behavior shapes the formation, evolution, and dynamics of galaxies and other celestial objects.