Plasma heating

Plasma heating involves increasing the temperature of a plasma—a state of matter where electrons are separated from atoms—by injecting energy. This energy can come from methods such as electromagnetic waves, like radiofrequency or microwaves, or particle beams, like neutral beams. When energy is deposited into the plasma, particles move faster, raising the overall temperature. This process is essential in controlling plasma behavior in fusion reactors, helping to achieve the high temperatures needed for nuclear fusion, where atomic nuclei merge, releasing energy. Proper plasma heating is crucial for maintaining stable, sustained fusion reactions.