planetary differentiation

Planetary differentiation is the process where a planet's materials separate based on density during its formation. When a planet is very hot, its heavier elements like iron and nickel sink toward the center, forming a core, while lighter materials like silicates rise to form the mantle and crust. This layering occurs because dense materials are pulled inward by gravity, creating a structured internal composition. Differentiation helps planets develop distinct cores, mantles, and crusts, influencing their magnetic fields, volcanic activity, and overall geological behavior.