placental circulation

Placental circulation is the process by which oxygen and nutrients from the mother's blood are transferred to the fetus, and waste products from the fetus are removed. It involves blood vessels in the placenta, where maternal blood flows freely around fetal blood vessels, allowing exchange without mixing directly. Oxygen-rich blood from the mother enters the placenta, crosses into fetal blood vessels, and delivers oxygen and nutrients. Waste products from the fetus are carried back through the fetal blood vessels to the placenta, where they are transferred to the mother’s blood for elimination. This system supports fetal growth and development throughout pregnancy.