piRNA (piwi-interacting RNA)

piRNA, or Piwi-interacting RNA, are small RNA molecules found in animal cells that help protect the genome, especially in reproductive cells like sperm and eggs. They work by binding to Piwi proteins and targeting transposable elements—jumping genes that can cause mutations—silencing them to maintain DNA stability. Essentially, piRNAs act as genetic guardians, preventing harmful genetic changes during cell division and reproduction. They are distinct from other small RNAs like miRNAs because of their specific role in safeguarding genome integrity, particularly in the germline, ensuring healthy inheritance across generations.