Pipe flow

Pipe flow refers to the movement of fluids—liquids or gases—through a pipe or conduit. It depends on factors like fluid viscosity, pipe diameter, flow velocity, and pressure differences. The flow can be smooth and layered (laminar) at low speeds or more chaotic (turbulent) at higher speeds. Engineers analyze pipe flow to ensure efficient transport, minimize energy costs, and prevent problems like blockages or pressure loss. Understanding flow behavior helps in designing pipes that meet specific requirements for applications in water supply, HVAC systems, or industrial processes.