Pioneer transcription factors

Pioneer transcription factors are special proteins that can access tightly packed DNA regions within the cell's nucleus. Unlike other factors, they can "unlock" these regions, making them accessible for other molecules to bind and activate or repress genes. This ability allows pioneer factors to play a critical role in starting and guiding the process of cell differentiation and development. They act as initial keys that open the door to new gene activity, shaping the cell's identity and function.