Pigeonhole Principle

The Pigeonhole Principle states that if you have more items (pigeons) than containers (holes) to put them in, at least one container must hold more than one item. For example, if 13 pairs of socks are put into 12 drawers, at least one drawer will contain more than one pair. This principle highlights that, in situations where items are distributed among limited categories, overlaps or repetitions are inevitable. It’s a basic idea used in mathematics and logic to prove the existence of certain conditions when arrangements are limited.