PIE (Proportional Integral Controller Enhanced)

PIE (Proportional Integral Controller Enhanced) is a technique used to manage network traffic efficiently. Imagine it as a smart traffic light system that adjusts how much data is sent based on current network conditions, preventing congestion and ensuring smooth data flow. The "Proportional" part reacts to current traffic levels, while the "Integral" part considers past traffic trends to make long-term adjustments. PIE dynamically tunes packet transmission rates, reducing delay and packet loss, which improves overall network performance and reliability, especially in high-traffic or variable network environments.