phytoplankton ecology

Phytoplankton are microscopic plants that float on or near the ocean's surface, forming the base of the aquatic food web. They use sunlight and nutrients to produce energy through photosynthesis, releasing oxygen and supporting marine life. Their populations fluctuate with changes in sunlight, nutrient availability, and water conditions. As primary producers, they are crucial for maintaining healthy ecosystems and regulating Earth's climate by absorbing carbon dioxide. Phytoplankton also serve as food for many small marine creatures, making them essential for the overall health and balance of ocean environments.