physiology of insects

Insects have a complex physiology that supports their survival and adaptability. They possess an exoskeleton, which is a tough outer shell providing structure and protection. Inside, they have a segmented body with a head, thorax, and abdomen, housing vital organs. Their circulatory system is open, meaning blood flows freely around organs, aiding in nutrient and waste transport. Insects breathe through tiny openings called spiracles connected to a network of tubes called tracheae, providing oxygen directly to tissues. Their nervous system includes a brain and ventral nerve cord, coordinating movement and responses. This design allows insects to efficiently perform essential functions despite their small size.