Physics of Semiconductors

Semiconductors are materials that can conduct electricity under certain conditions. In simple terms, they have properties between conductors (like metals) and insulators (like rubber). In electrodynamics, when energy is applied (like heat or light), electrons in a semiconductor can gain enough energy to move freely, creating an electric current. This ability to control the flow of electricity makes semiconductors essential in electronic devices, like transistors and diodes, enabling them to switch and amplify signals. Their unique behavior allows for advancements in technology, such as computers and smartphones, by precisely controlling electrical currents.