Physics of roller coasters

Roller coasters operate primarily through the principles of gravity, inertia, and energy conservation. A coaster is pulled up a hill, gaining potential energy, which then converts to kinetic energy as it descends, increasing speed. Tracks use loops, drops, and turns to manipulate forces, creating thrilling sensations of acceleration and weightlessness. Friction and air resistance gradually dissipate energy, so initial height and design ensure sustained motion. Overall, roller coasters showcase physics in action, balancing forces and energy transformations to deliver exciting, safe experiences.