physics of plasmas

Plasma is a state of matter consisting of a hot, ionized gas where atoms have lost or gained electrons, creating free charged particles—positively charged ions and negatively charged electrons. Unlike solids, liquids, or gases, plasmas conduct electricity and respond strongly to magnetic and electric fields. This unique behavior allows plasmas to generate lights (like neon signs or auroras), power fusion reactions, and form stars. Their properties depend on temperature and density, making plasma a distinct, energetic state essential in both natural phenomena and advanced technological applications.