Physics of Catapults

Catapults work by converting stored potential energy into kinetic energy to launch projectiles. When a catapult's arm is pulled back or wound, elastic or tensioned materials (like rubber, springs, or twisted ropes) store energy. Releasing the arm allows this energy to rapidly transfer, propelling the projectile forward with speed. The force and distance of the launch depend on factors like the amount of stored energy, arm length, and pivot point. Essentially, catapults leverage physics principles of energy transfer, leveraging the tension and elasticity to produce high velocity motion efficiently.