Physics of 2D Materials

The physics of 2D materials involves understanding how extremely thin layers—only one or a few atoms thick—behave differently than bulk materials. In these materials, electrons move freely within the plane but are restricted in the perpendicular direction, leading to unique electrical, optical, and mechanical properties. Their reduced dimensionality enhances quantum effects and surface interactions, enabling innovative applications like ultra-fast electronics, flexible displays, and sensors. Studying their physics helps us understand these novel behaviors and how to harness them for advanced technologies.