physical models

Physical models are simplified representations of real-world systems or phenomena used to understand, predict, or analyze their behavior. They can be physical objects, like a scaled-down airplane model, or conceptual tools, such as mathematical equations. By capturing essential features and relationships, models allow scientists and engineers to study complex processes more manageable, test ideas safely, and make informed decisions. Essentially, they serve as practical tools to simulate reality, helping us grasp how systems work without needing to manipulate or observe the actual, often intricate, world directly.