Photonuclear interaction

Photonuclear interaction occurs when a high-energy photon (a particle of light, like a gamma ray) collides with an atomic nucleus. Instead of just passing through, the photon transfers its energy to the nucleus, causing it to become excited or to release particles such as neutrons or protons. This process is important in nuclear physics and radiation shielding because it can alter or break apart nuclei when exposed to powerful radiation, helping us understand and manage radiation effects in various applications like medical treatments and nuclear reactors.