Photon Exchange Process

Photon exchange is a fundamental process in physics where particles, such as electrons or protons, interact by exchanging a particle called a photon—the carrier of electromagnetic force. During this exchange, the photons are virtual, meaning they aren't directly observable but mediate the force between particles, causing attractions or repulsions. This process explains many phenomena, including electromagnetic attraction/repulsion and how particles influence each other at a distance. Essentially, particles "communicate" by exchanging these energy-carrying particles, allowing forces to act without physical contact.