Phosphorylation Cascades

Phosphorylation cascades are a series of cellular events where enzymes called kinases add phosphate groups to proteins, activating or deactivating them. This process allows a small initial signal, like a hormone or stress signal, to be amplified through multiple steps, ultimately triggering a specific response in the cell, such as growth, division, or movement. Each activated kinase then activates the next, creating a chain reaction that efficiently relays and amplifies the signal deep inside the cell, ensuring the cell responds appropriately to its environment.