Phlebotomine Sand Flies

Phlebotomine sand flies are small, blood-feeding insects found in warm, dusty areas worldwide. They are most active at dusk and night, seeking hosts to feed on. While tiny, their bites can transmit diseases such as leishmaniasis, a parasitic illness affecting the skin and internal organs. Sand flies are attracted to carbon dioxide, heat, and body odors. They breed in organic-rich soil, animal burrows, and cracks. Protecting against bites involves using insect repellent, installing window screens, and avoiding outdoor activity during peak activity times. Understanding their behavior helps reduce disease transmission and bites.