Philip of France (Philip the Fair)

Philip IV of France, commonly known as Philip the Fair, ruled from 1285 to 1314. He was a significant monarch known for centralizing power and strengthening the French monarchy. Philip challenged the papacy's influence, notably clashing with Pope Boniface VIII, which led to the eventual relocation of the papacy to Avignon. He also restructured the French economy, introduced new taxes, and expanded the bureaucracy. His reign was marked by conflict with England and the suppression of the Knights Templar, reflecting his desire to consolidate power. Philip's legacy shaped the future of France and its relationship with the Church and neighboring kingdoms.