Phase Transformations

Phase transformations refer to the changes that substances undergo when they alter their state of matter, such as from solid to liquid or liquid to gas. These transformations occur when energy, typically in the form of heat, is added or removed. For example, freezing water turns it into ice (solid), while boiling it turns it into steam (gas). Each state has distinct properties due to the arrangement and behavior of its molecules. Understanding these changes is crucial in various fields, including materials science, engineering, and everyday life, as they affect how materials behave under different conditions.