Phase Retrieval in Crystallography

Phase retrieval in crystallography is a method used to determine the arrangement of atoms in a crystal. When X-rays are shined on a crystal, they create a pattern of scattered waves called diffraction. Scientists can measure the intensity of these waves but not their phase (the timing information). Phase retrieval involves using mathematical algorithms to estimate these missing phases from the measured data. Once both amplitude and phase are known, scientists can reconstruct a detailed 3D image of the crystal’s atomic structure, revealing how atoms are arranged at the smallest scale.