Phase Equilibria

Phase equilibria refers to the condition where different states of a material, such as solid, liquid, or gas, coexist in a stable balance at specific temperatures and pressures. In this state, the proportions and properties of each phase remain constant over time unless conditions change. For example, in boiling water, liquid and vapor phases coexist at a specific temperature and pressure. Understanding phase equilibria helps scientists and engineers control material processes like alloy formation, refining, and cooking, ensuring desired qualities and stability in products and systems.