Pharmacology of caffeine

Caffeine is a natural stimulant primarily found in coffee, tea, and some soft drinks. It works by blocking adenosine receptors in the brain, which normally promote relaxation and sleepiness. When these receptors are blocked, it increases alertness and reduces feelings of tiredness. Caffeine also stimulates the release of adrenaline and dopamine, enhancing focus and mood. Its effects vary based on individual sensitivity and intake amount. In moderate amounts, caffeine can improve concentration and wakefulness, but excessive consumption may cause anxiety, insomnia, or increased heart rate. It’s widely used to boost mental and physical performance.