pg_dump

pg_dump is a tool used to create a backup of a PostgreSQL database, which is a system for storing and managing data. It works by extracting all the data, structures, and settings from the database and saving them into a file. This backup file can then be used to restore or replicate the database later, ensuring data safety and easy transfer between systems. Think of it as making a detailed digital copy of your database, so you can restore it in case of issues or move it elsewhere without losing any information.