petrogenesis

Petrogenesis refers to the process by which rocks are formed, shaping the Earth's crust. It involves the origin, development, and transformation of rocks through various geological activities, such as cooling from magma, metamorphism, or sedimentation. Different types of rocks—igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary—result from distinct processes within the Earth's interior and surface environments. Understanding petrogenesis helps geologists trace the history of Earth's geology, revealing how the planet's surface and internal structure have evolved over millions of years.