Peter Grunberg

Peter Grünberg was a German physicist renowned for discovering giant magnetoresistance (GMR) in 1988, a breakthrough that significantly advanced data storage technology. GMR is a quantum mechanical phenomenon where tiny changes in magnetic alignment drastically alter electrical resistance in layered materials. His work paved the way for faster, more efficient hard drives and contributed to the development of modern spintronics, a field combining magnetism and electronics. Grünberg was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2007, alongside Albert Fert, for this groundbreaking discovery.