Perrin's Theorem (mathematical theory)

Perrin's Theorem states that in a balanced chemical system at equilibrium, the ratios of certain particles—like ions or molecules—remain constant and can be used to determine an unknown quantity, such as avogadro's number. Specifically, by measuring the relative amounts of these particles, we can accurately calculate the number of particles in a mole. This theorem leverages the idea that at equilibrium, the system's equilibrium constant relates directly to observable ratios, allowing precise determination of fundamental constants without needing to count individual particles directly.