Permian-Triassic extinction event

The Permian-Triassic extinction event, around 252 million years ago, was the most severe in Earth's history, wiping out approximately 90-96% of marine species and 70% of land vertebrates. It was caused by dramatic environmental changes, including massive volcanic eruptions in Siberia that released vast greenhouse gases, leading to extreme global warming, ocean acidification, and anoxic conditions. These hostile environments drastically disrupted ecosystems, resulting in widespread extinction. This event marked the end of the Permian period and the beginning of the Triassic, paving the way for the rise of new species and eventual recovery of life on Earth.